The Howdy Glossary

Epigram, developed by Conor McBride in 2000 at the University of Nottingham, is a programming language aimed at facilitating higher-order grammar over custom-defined data types. It integrates features such as dependent types, first-class abstract syntax, and pattern matching. This innovative approach marries formal computing concepts like mathematical proofs and program verification techniques within its design framework. Epigram's unique capabilities have significantly influenced the development of contemporary dependently-typed languages like Agda and Idris.

In dependently-typed programming language communities, Epigram faces competition from Agda and Idris. Agda, created by Ulf Norell, offers a functional programming style grounded in intuitionistic type theory with support for inductive families and interactive proof development. Idris, developed by Edwin Brady, focuses on practical programming aspects combined with dependent types to facilitate type-driven development and interactive editing for verification purposes. Both Agda and Idris provide robust solutions with expressive type systems that cater to different use cases within formal verification methodologies.

Epigram distinguishes itself through its support for higher-order grammar over user-defined data types alongside dependent types that allow values to influence type declarations directly. Its integration of first-class abstract syntax treats program elements as manipulable data while pattern matching enables structured data manipulation effectively. The blend of these features allows researchers and developers interested in advanced language design to delve into expressive systems capable of rigorous mathematical proofs and program verifications. As a pioneering language in this niche area, it remains an essential tool for those exploring the intersection between computational logic and practical application development within the realm of dependently-typed languages.